Wilp Decision-Making
Wilp Decision-Making
A Wilp is the central governing unit of the Tsm’syen people. All major decisions affecting territory, names, feasts, and justice follow ayaawx and are guided by the Sm’ooygit and senior members of the house. Wilp governance is collective, ceremonial, and based on consensus rather than simple majority.
Foundations of Wilp Governance
Wilp decision-making is grounded in:
- Matrilineal authority
- Adaawx (house histories)
- Crest and territorial rights
- Duties to uphold balance and honour
- Collective responsibility
The goal of every decision is to protect the name, honour, and survival of the Wilp.
Who Guides Decision-Making?
The Sm’ooygit (House Chief)
The Sm’ooygit acts as:
- Primary spokesperson
- Protector of the Wilp’s territories
- Keeper of major names
- Guardian of house histories
He does not make decisions alone — he speaks the decision of the Wilp after consultation.
Senior Women of the Wilp
The backbone of decision-making. Senior women:
- Confirm lineage authority
- Decide who may carry names
- Hold final say in adoptions
- Guide the Sm’ooygit
- Protect the matriline
No major decision is legitimate without the agreement of the senior women.
House Leaders and Supporting Name-Holders
These individuals:
- Represent branches of the Wilp
- Provide advice and historical perspective
- Participate in planning feasts
- Carry responsibilities during ceremonies
Their voices strengthen the decision-making circle.
How Decisions Are Made
Wilp decisions follow a traditional process:
1. Internal Discussion
Members gather to:
- Present an issue
- Recall adaawx relevant to the matter
- Weigh responsibilities and consequences
Everyone with standing may speak.
2. Consensus Building
Consensus does not mean absolute agreement, but alignment. The goal is:
- Unity of direction
- Protection of the Wilp’s honour
- Stability for future generations
The Sm’ooygit listens — he does not dictate.
3. Confirmation by Senior Women
Senior matriarchs provide the final internal approval. Their confirmation gives the decision its legitimacy under ayaawx.
4. Sm’ooygit Speaks the Decision
Once agreement is reached, the Sm’ooygit:
- Speaks the collective decision
- Ensures it reflects the will of the house
- Bears responsibility for carrying it publicly
5. Public Declaration (When Required)
Some decisions must be declared at a feast:
- Raising names
- Adoptions
- Territorial claims
- Justice and compensation
- Leadership changes
Feasts legitimize decisions by securing witnesses.
Types of Decisions a Wilp May Make
Wilp decision-making covers:
Names and Leadership
- Raising new nameholders
- Identifying future leaders
- Setting down shamed names
- Planning chief transitions
Territories (Lax’yip)
- Stewardship practices
- Boundary clarifications
- Access permissions
- Defending territorial rights
Feasts and Ceremonial Duties
- Organizing feasts
- Assigning roles and responsibilities
- Compensation and apology arrangements
Justice and Dispute Resolution
- Deciding compensation owed
- Determining corrective actions
- Restoring peace with other Wilps
Internal Matters
- Membership issues
- Adoption decisions
- Conduct expectations
- Protecting crest rights
Role of Witnesses in Decision-Making
A decision has full power under ayaawx when it is witnessed. Witnesses:
- Confirm the action publicly
- Receive payment for their memory
- Uphold the decision in future disputes
Without witnesses, a major decision is not fully binding.
Responsibilities of Wilp Members
All members, not just leaders, have duties in decision-making:
- Speak truthfully
- Uphold clan law
- Protect territorial integrity
- Support feasts
- Maintain dignity and balance
A Wilp is only as strong as its members’ conduct.
When a Decision Cannot Be Reached
If consensus cannot be reached:
- Senior women may defer the decision
- Further consultation is held
- Another feast cycle may be required
- The name or issue may be temporarily set aside
Rushed decisions violate ayaawx.
Modern Context
Wilp decision-making continues today in:
- Community governance
- Resource discussions
- Territorial protection work
- Cultural revitalization
- Dispute resolution
Modern council structures may exist, but Wilp authority remains rooted in ayaawx and matrilineal law.